考研復試英語短文翻譯
1. 經濟類 International trade
International trade not only results in increased efficiency but also allows countries to participate in a global economy, encouraging the opportunity of foreign direct investment (FDI), which is the amount of money that individuals invest into foreign companies and other assets. In theory, economies can, therefore, grow more efficiently and can more easily become competitive economic participants.
For the receiving government, FDI is a means by which foreign currency and expertise can enter the country. These raise employment levels, and, theoretically, lead to a growth in the gross domestic product. For the investor, FDI offers company expansion and growth, which means higher revenues.
As with other theories, there are opposing views. International trade has two contrasting views regarding the level of control placed on trade: free trade and protectionism. Free trade is the simpler of the two theories: a free approach, with no restrictions on trade. The main idea is that supply and demand factors, operating on a global scale, will ensure that production happens efficiently. Therefore, nothing needs to be done to protect or promote trade and growth, because market forces will do so automatically.
In contrast, protectionism holds that regulation of international trade is important to ensure that markets function properly. Advocates of this theory believe that market inefficiencies may hamper the benefits of international trade, and they aim to guide the market accordingly. Protectionism exists in many different forms, but the most common are subsidies, and quotas. These strategies attempt to correct any inefficiency in the international market.
國際貿易使得經濟可以更有效地增長，使各個國家能夠參與到全球經濟當中。鼓勵了對外直接投資，即個人將財富和其他資產投資到外國。在理論上來說，經濟體能夠由此更有效率地增長，同時更容易成為有競爭力的經濟參與者。
對于接受國政府來說，外國直接投資是外國貨幣和專業知識進入該國的一種手段。這提高了就業水平，并在理論上導致了國內生產總值的增長。對于投資者來說，FDI 帶來了公司的擴張和增長，這意味著更高的收入。
和其他理論類似，針對國際貿易人們也有相反的觀點。國際貿易對貿易的控制程度有兩種截然不同的看法：自由貿易和保護主義。自由貿易是兩種理論中比較簡單的：一種自由的方法，不限制貿易。其主要思想是，在全球范圍內運作的供求因素將確保生產的高效進行。因此，不需要采取任何行動來保護或促進貿易和增長，因為市場力量會自動這樣做。
相反，保護主義認為，對國際貿易的監管對于確保市場正常運轉十分重要。這一理論的支持者認為，市場效率低下可能妨礙國際貿易的利益，他們的目標是引導市場。保護主義以許多不同的形式存在，但最常見的是補貼和配額。這些策略試圖糾正國際市場上的任何低效率現象。
